Application of mathematical theory in the economic practice

The article considers a wide range of economic problems, and the solution for them is made on the basis on the construction of mathematical models and the application of mathematical methods allowing to penetrate into the essence of the studied processes, to reveal the logic of their development. The authors pointed out that the building of an ideal model of economic process is quite often based on usage of functional relationships between factors. The paper considers the marginal economic indicators, presents mathematical models, which are based on the differential equations, which leads to the study of the regularities of social-economic processes. Special attention is paid to the mathematical apparatus of the theory of probability, theory of random functions and mathematical statistics as a tool for modeling of processes in the conditions of some uncertainty. The article considers application of the main topics of mathematical programming methods of optimization of economic indicators. The authors draw the conclusion that mathematics for a modern economics is the instrument of quantitative calculation, means of formulation and method of decision of research tasks. A mathematical framework allows the correct expounding and scientific explanation from the positions of economic theory.