Application of the impedance method for comparative research of the chronic chemical stress impact on the development of the gastrointestinal tract pathology of male and female white outbred rats

The results of comparative analyzes of the electrical properties (impedance and polarization coefficient) of healthy and pathological tissues of male and female white outbred rats are presented. It is shown that simulation of chronic chemical (diet with the inclusion of sodium nitrite and m-toluidine) and social (overcrowding) stress for 270 days leads to the development of pretumor pathologies and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in 56% of animals, and there are 1.6 times more males with tumors than females, which is confirmed by histological studies. Measuring the impedance,it has been established that such a complex stress effect induces significant changes in the electrical parameters of the erythrocyte mass, as well as the tissues of the stomach and liver. In particular, a significant decrease was found in comparison with the control of the tissue polarization coefficient in males and females, respectively: in erythrocyte mass by 17 and 6%; in the gastric mucosa by 43 and 36%; in liver by 50 and 43% - this alltogether may characterize the decrease in tissue viability and the presence of necrotic changes in them. It is shown that changes in the electrical parameters of tissues in males are more pronounced, which corresponds to the frequency of pathology development in males. It is noted that changes in the electrical parameters of erythrocyte mass is a convenient in vivo monitoring approach for studying the development of pathologies, including precancerous conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.