Application of new echocardiographic technologies of non-Doppler myocardial images in 2D and 3D modes in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction

According to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiologists, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most informative diagnostic method in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) [3]. Echocardiography provides accurate information on the size of heart chambers, wall thickness and indices of systolic and diastolic function. Nowadays, in view of the new technological development, the most perspective technologies for the integrated assessment of the functional condition of the myocardium of the left ventricle (LV) are the ones that assess not only the ejection fraction (EF), but also the deformation parameters and rotational properties of the LV myocardium, including technologies of nonDoppler myocardial images in 2D and 3D modes (2D and 3D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography or STE). Based on the 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography data, reduction of the global longitudinal deformation has more prognostic significance in risk of death assessment in patients with heart failure than the EF of LV and the index breach of the local contractility of LV. However, the method of evaluating myocardial deformation in 3D mode STE and its advantages over the 2D mode STE is insufficiently explored. Thus, for the assessment of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in patients with CHF with preserved and reduced EF of LV, a great interest represents the application of the new echocardiographic technologies, such as the 2D and 3D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.