Three-dimensional modeling and printing in neurosurgical and endovascular treatment of patients with intracranial aneurysms

The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in the general population is about 2-6%; their frequency as a cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, according to various sources, is estimated at 10-38%. Endovascular intervention is the first-line treatment for both ruptured and unruptured IA, which is associated with a lower incidence of surgical complications and mortality compared with open neurosurgery. Endovascular specialists performing therapeutic interventions for IA need to have specialized theoretical and practical training, since the specific structure of the vascular bed, the delicacy of the anatomical region and the variability of the nature of the lesion determine the extremely high cost of error. In addition, interventions on intracranial vessels are performed independently by residents and interns least often. Printing three-dimensional models allows you to plan surgical intervention more accurately; carry out the selection of consumables for a specific vascular pathology; use the model as a guide during surgery. Moreover, it is a unique educational tool that enhances training in surgical and endovascular techniques through realistic anatomical representation and tactile experience. Three-dimensional modeling is a promising, actively developing area. Further research is required, aimed both at improving the method of making models and at reducing its cost, which will contribute to the wider use of this technology in the foreseeable futu