The problem of human immortality: philosophic-anthropological and theological aspects

The general issues of the problem of human immortality, being the centre of any world outlook, are briefly considered in the context of philosophical anthropology. The principal views on it and approaches to the problem solution are represented by Socrates and Epicure in the antique philosophy; by P. Holbach, L. Feuerbach and L. Buchner in the New Time; by F. Engels in the Marxist philosophy; by V.G. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky, A.I. Gertsen, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, the representatives of biosphere anarchism, A.M. Gorky in the Russian materialistic thought. The urgency of considering the theological aspect of the present subject not only historically (Philosophy of the Common Task by N.F. Fyodorov and teachings of other Russian religious philosophers), but also regarding the present, is revealed. It is especially connected with the attempts to interdict human cloning that together with other examples of science success opens real prospects of achieving practical human immortality and resurrection. Depending on the way Russia and the entire world choose, the main question will be decided: to live or not to live, in other words, to die, as it still happens with the same fatality. It is a challenge for the intellect and scientific cognition.