Problem of truth in the Russian spiritual and academic philosophy of the 19th century

The article analyzes the doctrine of truth, formulated in the framework of the Russian spiritual and academic philosophy of the 19th century. The doctrine of truth was developed by V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov, F. A. Golubinsky, F. F. Sidonsky, V. N. Karpov, S. S. Gogotsky, M. I. Karinsky et al. The pride of place in the structure of Orthodox theology goes to the problem of religious consciousness; without its conceptual substantiation theological thought is unable to provide an in-depth interpretation of a number of issues, which are traditionally considered inevitable for any developed religion, such as the real existence of God, the God’s attitude to the world and the human, the specificity of cognitive processes within the framework of religion. Herewith the interpretation of religious consciousness is always explicitly or implicitly included either in the theological system itself, or in one or another philosophical system of worldview, within which it appears in the form of a theoretical representation and philosophical substantiation of the veracity of this religious doctrine. When discussing the possibility of attaining a higher truth by the human mind, all spiritual and academic philosophers were united in the denial of a rational comprehension of absolute truth. The most detailed philosophical proposition on truth as a coincidence of ought with existence was developed by Kudryavtsev-Platonov, who defined truth as the self-consent of a subject with itself. According to the spiritual and academic interpretation, the truth acts as the self-consensus of objects and phenomena in the world, which have the divine origin. Thus, the ontological truth contained in the world objects is cognized by a person with the help of his cognitive abilities, through consistent judgments about reality. The main criterion of truth was the correspondence of human knowledge to the reality created by God.