Проблемная лаборатория по изучению акклиматизации человека на Крайнем Севере как уникальный проект времен СССР (к 100-летию профессоров Н.П. Неверовой и А.И. Корешкина)

Currently, there is an increase in research into the Arctic region, recognized as a strategic resource that determines the future of our country, including in the field of medicine and health care. The experience of previous years is important for modern studies of the Arctic, especially for health-saving technologies. In the second half of the 20th century, a well-known role in research in this area belonged to the Problem Laboratory for the Study of Human Acclimatization in the Far North, created 60 years ago on the basis of the Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute. The purpose of this study was to highlight the work of the Problem Laboratory for the Study of Human Acclimatization in the Far North as a unique Soviet project and to summarize its activities in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of its first heads - professors N.P. Neverova and A.I. Koreshkin. The materials for the study were a wide range of historical sources: materials from state and personal archives, scientific publications, memoirs of employees and veterans, photo and video documents, monographs. The Problem Laboratory has been operating for almost 25 years and its effectiveness is beyond doubt. During the laboratory's existence, its employees have conducted dozens of expeditions, written hundreds of scientific articles, delivered dozens of reports at All-Union scientific conferences and defended many candidate and doctoral dissertations. Based on the results of the Problem Laboratory's work, significant seasonal fluctuations in virtually all functions of the human body were established, the role of cold, humidity and high air velocity in changes in functional disorders of the body was established on experimental animal models, a computer program was created for processing large volumes of statistical data, changes in the autonomic nervous system, digestive organs, and cardiovascular system were established in people staying in the Far North for a short time, psychological problems were noted, methodological manuals and recommendations for favorable acclimatization to the conditions of the Far North were written, a medical weather forecasting system was developed in the European North of the country to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disasters and much more. The existence of the Problem Laboratory left a significant mark on the history of medicine and science, and fully realized the potential that was originally embedded in it.