Problems of the spiritual security in Russian society and ways to overcome them at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries (a case of Ural)

The research attempts to identify the main factors that generate instability in the system of spiritual security of the Russian society. The paper identifies the ways of overcoming the negative consequences typical for the spiritual and moral sphere at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries in Ural. During the period under study, the spiritual security of Russian society was under the influence of factors threatening its favorable development and capable of leading the spiritual sphere to degradation. The main unstable factors included the growing problem of poverty, the crisis of the family as a social unit, the dominance of popular culture, and the reduction of public funding for the cultural sector. Cultural reforms provided new conditions and opportunities for spiritual and cultural development. The authors prove that despite the substantial social disadvantages, problems in the spiritual and moral facet of Russian society, and the unsolved challenges, there have been positive trends in the transformation and gradual revival of the spiritual and cultural sphere in the first decade of the 21st century.