The problem of caving shale in well construction

The article examines the current problem of caving shale formation during well construction, which leads to significant drilling complications. The causes of cave-ins are analyzed, including geomechanical properties of rocks, hydrodynamic impact of drilling fluid and technological factors. Special attention is paid to methods of prevention and control of caving shale: optimization of drilling fluid parameters, application of collapse inhibitors, selection of optimal well design. Practical recommendations for minimizing the negative consequences of cave-ins are provided based on the experience of Russian and international oil and gas companies. Promising technologies for real-time monitoring and prediction of rock collapse are considered.