Challenges and solutions for enhancing data transmission reliability in industrial IoT systems

The Industrial Internet of Things as a technological foundation for digital transformation of production ecosystems faces fundamental challenges in ensuring reliable data transmission. The relevance of this research is due to the exponential growth in the implementation of cyber-physical systems in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, where the stability of information flows becomes a critical factor for production safety. The purpose of this work is to systematize key data transmission risks in heterogeneous industrial networks and develop a comprehensive strategy to improve their fault tolerance. The study applies a multilevel analysis method, including assessment of structural heterogeneity of networks, spectral characteristics of communication channels, and degradation processes in hardware components. The research results obtained through spectral analysis and degradation process modeling confirmed a non-linear relationship between failure frequency and the network heterogeneity index (H > 0,72). Threshold values of electromagnetic interference (> –18 dB) were established based on field tests in metallurgical complexes. The practical significance of the work is confirmed by recommendations for the integration of adaptive algorithms, the effectiveness of which was evaluated through simulation modeling, showing a reduction in operational risks by 38 ± 2 %.