Problems and possibilities of diagnostic examination of ink-filled seals

the article focuses on the difficulties that experts have to face when conducting forensic technical examination of documents related to the diagnostics of ink-filled certifying seal forms by their impressions. materials and methods: the theoretical basis include special literature sources and standard expert methods while the empirical basis consists of the impressions of certifying seal forms. the dialectical method of cognition, as well as description and analysis, is applied as a universal method while the microscopic method of research is used as a special one. the results of the study: the author of the article determines the signs characterizing (diagnosing) a certifying ink-filled seal form and specifies their names. the author also conducts the experimental study and, as a result, reveals conditions that make these signs appear more clearly. the related illustrative material has been prepared. findings and conclusions: within the framework of the conducted study as well as the analysis (processing) of data, the author determines a series of signs that, as opposed to the signs indicated in the official source, more accurately and correctly allow solving the expert problem of diagnosing ink-filled seals when conducting forensic technical examination of documents.