The problems of protecting the soil from erosion in the commercial orchards of the central black earth region

When used for long periods of time the same soil treatment methods the natural balance between soil processes and plants is disturbed. The processes of mineralization of humus predominate over the processes of humification, which reduces the amount of organic matter to the level of the new equilibrium state. The problem of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility and the stabilization of the productivity of fruit plantations and control of resistance requires the development of new agrotechnical methods on a biological basis. An important role in solving this problem belongs to the development of housing systems between rows in orchards, which contribute to improving soil fertility and productivity of gardens. Therefore, it is necessary to develop such system of soil maintenance in orchards that provides the accumulation of organic matter. This can be achieved by sowing of perennial grasses between rows of the garden. Perennial grasses are most effective in protecting the soil from erosion in the gardens. Sod-mulch system of soil maintenance in orchards leads to the accumulation of organic litter, improves the physical properties of the soil and its microbiological activity, has a positive effect on the food regime of the soil improves the mineral nutrition. The increase of soil fertility also contributes to the systematic application of mineral fertilizers. The increase of humus content in soil under the influence of continuous application of fertilizers, according to many authors, is due primarily to the increase in the number of organic residues. This article has survey character. It presents suggestions for reducing erosion in orchards through the introduction of sod-mulch system of the contents of the aisles in the gardens. This system involves the grassing of the soil perennial grasses. The article presents research of leading scientists addressing this problem in various regions of the country.