Problems of technological import substitution of livestock in Russia: theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of implementation

As a result of management mechanism transformation and transition to a new technological structure of the agro-industrial complex, accompanied by the withdrawal of uncompetitive enterprises from the market, a modern production base for animal husbandry was formed. It became possible to increase the production of animal products and replace a significant share of imported food in the domestic agri-food market. The intensification of production was accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of animals. In 1990-2020 the number of cattle in agricultural organizations decreased by 5.8 times to 8.1 million heads, including cows by 4.7 times to 3.3 million heads. The number of pigs during this period decreased by 1.3 times up to 23.3 million heads. The increase in productivity made it possible not only to compensate for the drop in the number of farm animals in pig and poultry farming, but also to exceed the values of the indicators of the pre-reform period. The creation of new production facilities based on the use of technological equipment and automated control systems from the world's leading manufacturers became a peculiarity of technological modernization. The existing dependence of the technological processes for the production of livestock products on foreign equipment and breeding resources reduces the competitiveness and resistance of the industry to various unfavorable factors, making it a hostage to the geopolitical and macroeconomic environment. It seems expedient to establish special tax regimes for organizations engaged in the production of these products, linking the level of income tax and VAT rates to the level of localization of production of main components and assemblies, as well as to the volume of utilized financial resources for R&D. As part of the state assignment in the system of the research institutes and agricultural universities, it is necessary to establish priority research topics, ensuring the allocation of additional funds for the purchase of modern laboratory equipment and other resources necessary for their implementation