Problems when combusting biomass in a heat generator

Over the past few decades, the abuse of the planetʼs natural resources and environmental degradation have been increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, alternative energy sources are increasingly being introduced, which must be sustainable and renewable. Biomass is a carbon-neutral, clean energy source that accounts for about 10% of the total contribution of renewable energy sources. To solve the problems of biomass use, effective technologies are needed. Among the possible technologies for processing biomass, combustion in a fluidized bed is considered promising, which is already being widely tested. However, due to the wide variety of biomass, its composition and properties, significant problems arise when burning biomass in heat generators. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems that arise during the conversion of biomass by a thermochemical method, namely, by burning it in a heat generator with a fluidized bed. The article also presents a general classification of biomass. The type of biomass directly affects its metal content. Moreover, factors such as: growing conditions are also important; age, for example, of trees; methods for processing collected biomass, etc. An important aspect is an in-depth understanding of the physical and chemical properties, adequate modeling of the influence of these properties on the effective combustion process. Methods of biomass utilization are considered. Agglomeration (sintering of solid particles) is also one of the main problems encountered when burning biomass in a fluidized bed heat generator. The main problems associated with agglomeration can be solved by leaching the biomass itself, adding various substances during combustion, co-combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, as well as using other materials for the fluidized bed (dolomite, iron oxides, magnesite, etc.).