Prevention and correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in diabetes mellitus as a medical and social problem of building a healthy lifestyle: an experimental

Introduction. Currently, diabetes is a serious medical and social problem for national security of all countries due to the progressive increase in morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle, characterized by wrong diet, low physical activity and mental stress is considered as one of the leading causes of diabetes, especially type II. In this regard, promoting healthy behavior can contribute to prevention and correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Various food (dietary) supplements, having beneficial biological effect, can be considered as components of a healthy diet. The aim of this research was to study the mechanism of action of such food supplements as Curcuma longa rhizomes and the powder of Galega orientalis for experimental justification of their use in healthy nutrition and correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in adult male Wistar rats. All animals were divided into 4 groups: a control one and three groups of rats with an experimental alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus (DM). Animals of the 1-st and the 2-nd groups were kept on standard diet, while rats of the 3-rd and the 4-th groups were fed turmeric powder or Galega (2 per cent of the feed). During the observation, the blood glucose concentration was measured (using the method of electrochemical enzymatic analysis). At the end of the experiment, the researchers measured insulin and corticosterone concentrations by ELISA method; blood biochemical parameters (using an automatic analyzer); and liver glycogen content (using the Schick reaction according to MacManus). Herbal preparations were produced by mechanochemical method on the basis of Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science. Results. It has been established that intake of Curcuma longa in rats with diabetes, compared to animals that consumed standard feed and feed with Galega orientalis powder, caused a less pronounced increase in blood glucose concentration due to increased insulin concentration and lower plasma corticosterone concentration and glycogen accumulation in the liver. Intake of both herbal preparations also contributed to the improvement of lipid and protein metabolism, such as triglycerides, creatinine and urea, whereas more pronounced metabolic disorders' of all types of metabolism were observed in experimental animals of the second group 2. Conclusions. The obtained results substantiate using food supplements containing Curcuma longa rhizome and, to a lesser extent, Galega orientalis for correction of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in diabetes and, consequently, adding them to the diet as a component of healthy nutrition for prevention of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.