Prevention of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of emergencies

Background. In emergency situations, due to the impact of traumatic stress factors, the level of risk and damageto the physical and mental health of combatants increases. Factors of psycho-traumatic impact potentiate disorders of mental functioning and psychological stability, manifestation of non-psychotic mental pathology in participants of a special military operation against the background of mental maladaptation and personality accentuations in history. PTSD is the most widely studied consequence of traumatic events. Despite the active study of etiopathogenetic mechanisms, risk factors for the formation of PTSD and the development of a personalized approach to therapy, there is still a high frequency of diagnosing this disorder in military personnel with combat experience and the civilian population during their stay in a military conflict zone. There is a high level of socio-economic burden of chronic stress disease on the health care system and emerging organizational difficulties associated with the high prevalence of PTSD. Persons affected by emergencies are most susceptible to the development of mental disorders associated with vital stress. The development of prevention methods is an urgent problem, the solution of which can help reduce the prevalence of PTSD, relieve post-traumatic symptoms and improve sustainable social adaptation based on preventive psychological rehabilitation. Objective: to identify the main approaches to primary and secondary prevention of PTSD in the conditions of liquidation of the consequences of emergencies, used in domestic psychiatric practice. Results. The psychological component of preventive measures as the basis of a personalized route in providing emergency assistance to victims of emergencies is considered in detail. The main characteristics of the areas of prevention are considered, the main goals and objectives of providing comprehensive psychosocial assistance to victims are covered. The cardinal trend of further development of this problem is determined.