Crime counteraction based on the modern concepts of interaction between the police and society: the experience of foreign countries and Russia

Introduction: the article considers urgent problems offorming an effective police institution, meeting the requirements of the modern society. The main goals of the police are to protect society against illegal infringement and to ensure safety of every citizen. In this regard, public assessment is considered to be one of the main criteria of the police activity estimation. In 2011, Russia introduced a reform of law-enforcement agencies, which is aimed at strengthening the interaction between the police and society, as well as at introducing the concepts of social partnership between the police and society, common for developed countries. Purpose: to analyze the police reform in Russia, to determine the origins and causes of the formation of the concept "social partnership ", to consider the process of progressive transition to the "social partnership model" in some foreign countries (USA, EU, Japan). Methods: the study applied such general logical methods as analysis and synthesis, involved dialectical and comparative methods, used the results of sociological research. Results: analysis of results of public opinion monitoring (2011-2015) reflecting the level of satisfaction of Russian citizens with the police activities shows a lack of confidence in the police and protection of citizens from criminal attacks. Based on studying the genesis of the concept of partnerships between citizens and the police in developed countries, the authors have identified features of the police institution functioning and paid attention to the factors that contribute to growth of citizens ' trust in the police. Analysis of the experience of foreign countries allowed the authors to establish that socially oriented model of policing has been successfully implemented there largely due to the political, historical and socio-cultural reasons. Conclusions: the first priority for Russia must be to form an efficient law-enforcement system which will have the ability to effectively perform functions of protection of citizens' rights and fight against crime. In other ways, attempts to earn the trust of the citizens will only discredit the police institution and the state itself. The mechanisms of forming an effective police institution are revealed. There are noted effectiveness of the "problem-oriented policing" approach and the "community policing" concept. The authors consider these as the future of Russian law-enforcement system.