Psycho-Criminological Analysis of Theories of Desistance from Criminal Activity by Post-penitentiary Personality

The article proposes a retrospective and contemporary psycho-criminological analysis of the main theories of desistance from crime. In contrast to the traditional focus on the determinants of crime, it emphasizes the importance of understanding desistance as a multifaceted process linked to the transformation of the criminal identity of the post-penitentiary personality. The study found that successful reintegration of individuals released from penitentiary institutions requires a comprehensive understanding of desistance, considering both subjective (individual) and social (social connections) factors, as well as the application of a psychosocial approach for the effective decriminalization of the post-penitentiary personality. The article also examines the challenges arising from the application of foreign theories in domestic post-penitentiary probation practice and the need to develop an integrative theory of desistance. Considering the prospects for future research, the author proposes the development of clear operational definitions and indicators of desistance. This may include the development of standardized assessment tools that take into account both objective and subjective indicators of criminogenic risks. Research in this area can help in the development of new concepts and the design of effective individual programs for social adaptation, resocialization, and social rehabilitation, aimed at providing post-penitentiary support to individuals released from penitentiary institutions.