Psychological and pedagogical aspects of physical education: a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches and methodological foundations

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of psychological and pedagogical aspects of physical education in the context of contemporary theoretical and methodological approaches. The mechanisms of psychophysiological impact of physical exercises on personality are examined, including biochemical, physiological, and social levels of regulation. Special attention is given to individual-typological characteristics of participants, particularly the influence of temperament on the selection of optimal forms and methods of physical activity. Motivational factors of physical culture and sports activities, psychological barriers and strategies for overcoming them are analyzed. The adaptive potential of physical culture for social integration of persons with disabilities is investigated, including the mechanism of transformation from pathogenic to sanogenic thinking. Methodological problems in studying psychological and pedagogical aspects of physical education related to reductionist approach and insufficient development of diagnostic tools are identified. An integrative model of psychological and pedagogical support for physical education is proposed, including diagnostic, design, implementation, and reflexive-correctional components. The necessity of a holistic approach to physical education as a multifunctional system integrating achievements of psychology, pedagogy, physiology, and sociology to ensure harmonious personality development is substantiated.