Early industrial modernization of pre-revolutionary Russia

Some insufficiently studied problems of the early Russian modernization (XVIII - early XX cent.) are studied in the paper. Authors conclude that it took the liberal form, and its social consequence was the mass marginalization of the Russian society. Here some reasons of the social shocks experienced by our country in the XX century can be found. The paper is prepared with financial support of the Russian Humanities Fund, Project № 07-01-00303а.