Early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness among patients with diabetes mellitus. Early diagnosis of DR is crucial for timely treatment initiation and prevention of severe complications. This article discusses modern methods of early diagnosis, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, artificial intelligence for retinal image analysis, and blood biomarkers. The advantages and limitations of various methods, as well as their prospects in clinical practice, are described.