Distribution of diseases of the distal limb of cattle in the conditions of modern livestock complex

At milk production enterprises, pathologies of the lower extremities in cows are widespread and bring significant economic losses, which cause decrease in productivity, an increase in the cost of treatment and preventive measures, culling, and many other factors. The quality and quantity of milk received depends on the health of the limbs. So, with the development of severe pathologies, a decrease in milk productivity is noted. The incidence of limb pathology in cows is influenced by a large number of factors associated with violations of the conditions of keeping, care and feeding animals. There is a great number of extremity injuries at the enterprises. During a preventive examination of the lower extremities, bruises, mechanical damage, abscesses and various deformities are detected. Disbalance of feeding animals and changes in the metabolism of cows affect negatively the growth and structure of the hoof horn. Under the influence of negative factors, deformation occurs and an irregular shape of the hoof is formed, which is accompanied by dysfunction of the limbs and lameness is manifested. Lameness allows to identify a sick animal, to make a prediction about the degree and the severity of the pathology or disease. When conducting research on the dairy complex, the incidence of cows with lesions of the distal limbs was established in 18.7% of the animals of the herd. When analyzing the culling of animals, it was noted that 18% of cows are rejected due to the development of pathology and failure in timely treatment. Timely functional trimming of the hoof horn allows to form necessary shape of the hooves to ensure the proper functioning of the limbs. When sick animals are detected, it is important to ensure their timely treatment with effective drugs, and to reduce the incidence it is necessary to use and stick to preventive measures.