Separated Daghestan nationalities (the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs, the Avars): population and settlement pattern in the end of the XIX century the beginning of the XXI centuries

Being the part of Russia throughout different periods Daghestan had various administrative and political status (as an oblast being the part of the empire) an autonomous Republic of the RSFSR (USSR), as a Republic of the Russian Federation. Upon that, the borders of Russia as a state were set without regard for the interests of the nationalities, populating it, but taking into account the interests of the state exclusively. In the XIX century this policy gave birth to the problem of separation among daghestani nationalities (the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs, the Avars, the Kumyks) and the Nogais as well as in 1922-1923 their territory was included on the list of nationalities - the members of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but later it was the issue of exchanges between the RSFSR subjects. If the problem under discussion was topical within administrative and territorial borders of the Russian State, then, by the end of the 20th century it had the status of interstate problem - the first 3 of the enumerated nationalities were separated by state borders with the neighboring states of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Georgia. With the reference to the literary sources and the results of the demographic census, the author of the article shows the population changes and the settlement of the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs and the Avars in the Caucasian region in the end of the 20th the beginning of the 21st centuries, continuing the article serves on the problem of separation among Daghestan nationalities. In 2011 the problems of the Avars from the Kvarelski region in Georgia were discussed in the article published in “Izvestya Daghestanskogo Pedagogicheskogo universiteta”, where as in 2018 the problems of the Nogais, separated by administrative borders of the Russian Federation subjects on the North Caucasus were discussed on the pages of the magazine “Society: philosophy, history, culture”. All the above mentioned ethnic communities are officially labeled as “title (subject-forming) nationalities” in the contemporary Republic of Daghestan.