Diversity of plant viruses in the East-Asian Russia: 50 years of studying

In ornamental plants, vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals and legumes the viral infections causes a decrease of productivity and yield quality, especially in the southern regions of agriculture in the Russian Far East where an infectious background is one of the highest. Besides, the viral infection leads to more impact from other phytopathogens, particularly under bacterial and fungal infections, and provokes degradation of varieties. Breeding varieties and hybrids resistant to viruses is now considered the most effective approach to antiviral plant protection. Therefore, the characteristic features of viruses are the key factors for plant protection strategy. For more than 50 years, in the Asian Russia more than 50 viruses have been found in agrocoenoses of vegetables, cereals, legumes, ornamental plants, berries and potato plants, and also in biocoenoses of wild plants and weeds. More than 10 of them have not been identified earlier not only in Far East and Siberia, but also in Russia. Basin on biological traits, physicochemical properties of viral polypeptides and nucleic acids, as well as antigenic characteristics of capsid proteins, a taxonomic status of the Asian Russian viral isolates has been identified, and their areal, pathogenicity and the impact have been studied. In Far East Russia, there have been revealed, described and identified the following viruses: Brome mosaic virus, Vicia unijuga mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus IA and IB East-Asian isolates, Soybean stunt virus, Tomato aspermy virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus Far-East Russian isolates, Dahlia mosaic virus, Radish mosaic virus type isolate, Red clover mottle virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Tomato ringspot virus, Potato leafrole virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus - PAV, Pea enation mosaic virus 1, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Dahlia mild green mottle virus, Hippeastrum mosaic virus, Onion yellow dwarf virus, Potato virus A, Potato virus Y, Soybean mosaic virus, Tobacco etch virus, Tradescantia mosaic virus, Trifolium montanum (сlover) mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus ( WMW-W ), Cereal (Oat) Russian pupation (pseudo-roset) virus, Northern cereal mosaic virus, Lily symptomless virus, Potato virus M, Potato virus S, Vicia pseudorobus mosaic virus, Hydrangea ringspot virus, Plantago asiatica mosaic virus, Potato aucuba mosaic virus, Potato virus X, White clover mosaic virus, Tobacco necrosis virus, Rice stripe virus, Tobacco rattle virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Barley stripe mosaic virus, Rice mottle virus, Grapevine plum line virus, Pea streak virus, Potato yellow dwarf virus, Carnation ringspot dianthovirus, Carnation mottle virus. A few of them (marked as ordinary typed) are not still registered and entered into the list of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/). Using routine and molecular methods, the isolates were attributed to 18 genera from 10 families of 87 genera and 20 families described presently. Considering distance of Far East from the Central Russia, specific ecological factors, the local climate and unstable weather, a strategy for phytomonitoring of plant viruses has been worked out. In the southern and central zones, the most attention was paid to viruses on rice and soybean plants. The phytomonitoring of potato, vegetable plants and other crops was carried out all over the Asian Russia in both field conditions and greenhouses.