Development of resource- and energy-saving electrical equipment for implementation of energy-efficient electrical technologies for influence on biological objects

Introduction Currently, the urgent issue is the development of resource- and energy-saving electrical equipment and electrical technologies. The article presents the results of work carried out in this direction when exposed to biological objects. Studies have been conducted on the capture of wax moth - a pest of bee colonies in the hives by exposing it to energy-saving LED light traps, the emission spectrum of which is regulated by programmable logic microcontrollers (PLCs). The second biological object was meristem plants of garden strawberries, which were irradiated with energy-saving LED phytoradiators, pulsed light with varying duty cycle. This mode was also implemented using PLC.The aim of the work is the development of resource and energy-saving electrical equipment for the implementation of energy-efficient electrical technologies for impact on biological objects.Materials and methods. To capture wax moths in the hives, a pilot plant with LEDs of various emission spectra has been developed. The experiments were conducted on wax moth butterflies.To implement the regime of a pulsed irradiation mode with varying duty cycle, an energy-saving LED phyto installation was developed. The laboratory experiment was carried out on the meristem plants of strawberries of the Korona garden variety in the meristem laboratory of the Udmurt Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Udm. FIC UrB RAS.Results. The experiments showed that about 50% of the butterflies moved to a tank with radiation at a wavelength of 400 - 435 nm. For strawberries at the stage of leaf growth (proliferation), the experimental LED phytoradiator had a positive effect both on the leaf surface area of the strawberry and on the reproduction rate. Compared with the traditional luminescent phytoradiator, a significant increase in the leaf surface area of microcrops of strawberries of the Korona variety was noted already on the fifth day of the proliferation stage. From this time until the end of the proliferation stage, this increase is statistically significant and amounts to 210.35 mm2, 240.53 mm2, 274.36 mm2, respectively.Discussion. Positive studies have shown that in the hive, you can create special places for catching wax moth butterflies. In the future, it is advisable to use inexpensive programmable logic microcontrollers, for example, the ATmega with the Arduino UNO board, to regulate the spectrum and intensity of the LED radiation.Regarding meristem strawberries: irradiating it with an experimental resource- and energy-saving LED phyto irradiator did not lead to stretching of the strawberry microboots, and by the end of the proliferation stage, low plants with a large number of microboots rooting with an average height of 15 mm were formed compared to the control (fluorescent lamps).Conclusion The experiments showed that LEDs with radiation in the range 400 ... 435 nm can be used as bait for butterflies. To automatically control the spectrum and intensity of the LEDs, it is advisable to use inexpensive programmable logic microcontrollers. Economic costs for the manufacture of light emitters are 10 ... 15% of the cost of stored honey, which is economical. Regarding meristem strawberries: the proposed electrical equipment for the implementation of resource and energy conservation in electrical technologies allows to reduce electricity consumption by 60% while improving the quality of meristem plants of strawberries.