Development of scientific veterinary provision of reindeer herding of Yakutia

Northern reindeer herding is a traditional, ethno-forming branch of animal husbandry in Yakutia. The obstacle to the sharp increase in productivity of northern reindeer breeding was and remains the problem of scientific provision. In this regard, July 12, 1908 in Yakutsk, the Veterinary-Bacteriological Laboratory of the Yakutsk region was established, which was engaged in the diagnosis of infectious and invasive diseases, the production of vaccines and serums. On the basis of YAVBL in 1926, the Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine was established, which, after a number of renaming in 1957, was merged with the Yakutsk Scientific Research Institute. 1909 was marked in the Yakutsk region by the mass vaccination of reindeer against anthrax and the production of anti-anthrax serum and the vaccine Tsenkovsky. The last outbreak of anthrax among wild deer in the republic was recorded in 1993, which indicates that the anthrax remains in the areas used for reindeer grazing. Vaccines from strains Brucella abortus 19, 82, 75/79-AB, B. suis 61 and CAB were tested for immunization of reindeer against brucellosis. Nevertheless, the problem of improving the prevention of brucellosis in reindeer remains relevant. The preparation “Sahabaktisubtil”, consisting of strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis TNP-3 and TNP-5 effective in the prevention and treatment of respiratory organs, digestion and purulent necrotic wounds in necrobacteriosis, was developed. Recommendations for the use of the Trichovac-2 vaccine for the treatment and prevention of trichophytosis in reindeer have been developed. Modern data on the state of the epizootic situation for helminthozoonosis of wild and domestic animals have been obtained. The most significant economic damage in reindeer husbandry is caused by harmful arthropods. A technology has been developed to protect the herds of domestic reindeer from attacks by mosquitoes and gadflies. The economic effect for 1 ruble of costs is 28.7 rubles. Based on the analysis, one can assume that it is necessary to take into account the possibility of occurrence of epizootics that are not characteristic of the area under study, in which insects, mites and migratory birds are a vector of transmission, which requires the actualization of scientific data on the state of their populations.