Development of dangerous exogenous processes in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia

This article discusses the most dangerous exogenous processes in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, which include various types of landslides, mudslides, submerging of areas and other processes. The author studies the topography of the land area in order to assess the development of dangerous natural processes, estimates its geodynamic stability; considers human activities that change the course of many relief-forming processes; determines numerous factors that shape the peculiarities of development of landslides, mudslides and other processes that violate the stability of slopes and endanger the whole human settlements. The article also deals with the process of submerging of territories in the Republic of Mordovia, which is formed at the first surface groundwater horizon. Lithological composition of the unsaturated zone is studied, since it largely determines the distribution of areas of ground water recharge and has a significant impact on the ground-water regime, the capacity of the aeration zone within the existing landscape of Mordovia. It considers the manner of occurence of the watertable. Based on the compilation of available materials hydrogeological surveys, the author establishes the types of mode and made a map of the areas likely to flooding of Mordovia. Analyzed the totality of the natural factors of flooding, which determines the natural water regime and the formation of an artificial water regime in terms of engineering development, leading to the accumulation of groundwater in the area and moisture in the unsaturated zone, causing flooding of territories. The consequences of submerging of cities and industrial enterprises are given. The negative consequences of violations of the water balance of built-up areas that need to be taken into account when conducting engineering surveys are listed. The author discusses the ways of dealing with negative hydrogeological impacts of construction in the process of the designing of engineering protection of specific localities.