In search of balance: the Lotka-Volterra model in biosystem research

The Lotka-Volterra model serves as a fundamental tool for analyzing population dynamics in ecosystems and biotechnological processes. The article discusses in detail the principles of operation of this mathematical system, its practical application in biotechnology, as well as its role in the study of interspecific interactions and optimization of industrial processes. The article analyzes the possibilities of expanding the classical model to describe multi-species systems and complex food chains, predict epidemiological processes by adapting the model to analyze the spread of infectious diseases and develop strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Its main advantages are considered: adaptability, accuracy, interdisciplinarity. Special attention is paid to modern modifications of the model when intervening in natural ecosystems, expanding its applicability in the context of global environmental challenges. It is proved that the Lotka-Volterra model is not just a historical legacy, but a living fundamental instrument.