Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) winter sowing and planting efficiency

The purpose of the study is to establish the silvicultural effectiveness of methods for artificial restoration of conifers in winter in areas remote from populated areas and transport routes. Plantings are located in the Arkhangelsk Region in the north taiga region. The first experimental object was established in April 1996 by sowing seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) over compacted snow. Artificial young Scots pine, planted by sowing, at the age of 17 have an average height of 3.5–3.7 m, diameter 2.8–3.2 cm, growth class III. Pine plantings at the age of 23 grow according to the I growth class and are characterized by an average height of 8.4 m, a diameter of 11.6 cm. It is more efficient to carry out winter sowing on fresh, un-seeded clearings and burned-out areas with drained soils, while marking of future rows of crops should be carried out in a snowless period. There were no significant differences in the growth of pine crops according to the studied variants of the experiment. The row-well method of sowing seeds should be considered to be the most efficient from a technological point of view, while the rate should be selected as the mini-mum, amounting to 0.3–0.4 kg / ha. The second object under study is represented by meadow clearings with elements of fireweed-palms. As a planting material, 2-year-old seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were used in April 1998. At the age of 23, cultivated pine has an average height of 8.4 m, a di-ameter of 11.6 cm, growth class I. Pine crops growing in depressions have growth rates 2.4 times in diameter and 1.8 times lower in height compared to plants planted on the flat part of the site. Therefore, when selecting a site a year before planting, it is necessary to take into account the terrain. It is advisable to use these methods of artificial restoration of conifers in areas of felling and burned areas, remote from settlements and transport routes, where they were logging in winter or on a rotational basis, using winter roads.