Results of long-term testing of early ripening soybean varieties Siberian selection in the subtaiga zone of Western Siberia

Five-year research on the study of soybean varieties of Siberian selection in the subtaiga zone of Western Siberia, carried out in the conditions of the subtaiga zone on gray forest medium-loamy slightly acidic soil in 2017–2021 showed broad prospects for their cultivation in these conditions. The duration of the growing season, yield and grain quality of soybean varieties depended on agrometeorological conditions and characteristics of the variety; correlations were identified. The shortest growing season was for the varieties: SibNIIK 315 – 100 days, Sibiryachka and Eldorado -– 108 days, for Zolotistaya it was 109 days, respectively. The maximum number of beans on one soybean plant is 13.7 pieces was formed in the Sibiryachka variety, the largest number of seeds in a bean was 1.95 pcs. – in the Eldorado variety. The Cheremshanka variety has the largest grains: the weight of 1000 pieces is 169.6 g. The grain yield of soybean varieties was strongly dependent on the number of beans (r = 0.94 ± 0.07). On average, over the years of research, all studied soybean varieties generated grain yields at the control level. The Sibiryachka variety had the greatest ecological plasticity with EPI = 1.108 and average variation with a coefficient of variation of 19.8%. The maximum protein content – 35.5% was obtained from the Zolotistaya variety, and increased protein yield per hectare - 996.4 kg - from the Sibiryachka variety. The Sibiryachka and SibNIIK 315 varieties had the highest oil content – 17.6 and 17.4%, respectively, and the highest oil yield – 430.6 and 429.2 kg/ha - was provided by the Sibiryachka and Cheremshanka varieties. Early ripening soybean varieties in this zone provide high grain yields in years favorable for moisture (HTC – 1.5) with the sum of active air temperatures of 1751.6–1776.6ºС. High quality soybean grain is formed in warm years with an average daily air temperature in August of 17–18ºС.