Results of the rural population survey on the formation of factors for the demographic situation development in the rural areas

The article presents the results of a survey of rural residents of various sex and age groups, social status on the identification of factors stabilizing the demographic situation in the village. The survey was carried out in 3 stages: in 2013, 2015 and 2018, which allowed us to evaluate to some extent the changes in the socio-economic development of the rural areas and the priority needs of the rural residents. The questionnaire identifies questions for the respondents to assess the security of rural settlements with objects of social and engineering infrastructure, the level of comfort living, and the formation of the population income. For comfortable living in the rural areas, social welfare institutions are also needed, such as: schools, preschool institutions, cultural institutions, sports facilities, medical institutions, etc. All of them are components of the attractiveness of the village. The respondents to the sociological research were rural residents of 5 municipal districts of the Orel region: Mtsensky, Soskovsky, Shablykinsky, Glazunovsky, Bolkhovsky; representing all natural and economic zones (Western, Central and Southeast). The main feature by which the sampling was carried out was the age of the rural population. The study focuses on a different age category of the rural population; however, the compared social parameters were not strongly deformed in the age and sex aspect and reflected the specifics of the survey. The respondents were asked to name the factors influencing, in their opinion, fertility increase. An important factor for the answers was the respondents' place of living and its remoteness from the center of the rural settlement or regional center. Based on the data of the study and the analysis of the results obtained during the sociological survey of the rural residents, some generalized conclusions and assumptions can be made that will serve as a guide in the field of decision-making on sustainable development of rural territories in the Orel region. The analysis of wages allows us to draw the following conclusion: the agricultural industry and, accordingly, rural life are not attractive not only because of the lack of social infrastructure and labor intensity of agricultural labor, but also because of low wages.