The role of oil revenue in the government budget of African countries

This article examines some of the political and economic challenges facing resource-rich countries seeking to maximize their potential. This analysis examines pivotal milestones and emerging opportunities within Africa’s oil and gas sector, synthesizing these insights to formulate a holistic strategic framework for energy enterprises operating across the continent. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the sector’s development: despite the growth of investment in gas generation and new fields, risks associated with the «debt wall» (repayment of Eurobonds by 2026) and geopolitical competition remain. Based on data from Rosstat and international organizations (World Bank, UN), the author identifies three strategic areas for oil and gas companies: Partnership with local producers to reduce logistics costs; Integration into energy transition programs through LNG and hydrogen energy projects; Participation in infrastructure initiatives (reconstruction of transport corridors, for example, Lobito). The proposed model takes into account the lessons of the 2020–2024 crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine, which affected supply chains. The work is aimed at executives of companies planning to enter the African market and energy security experts.