The role of oxidative stress in cellular dysfunction and disease development

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the disruption of cellular homeostasis and the development of various pathologies, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and oncological diseases. This article examines the mechanisms of oxidative stress and its impact on major cellular processes, including apoptosis, DNA damage, and lipid oxidation. Data from recent studies confirming its contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases are presented. Prospects for the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress are proposed.