Russia in Turkey’s energy policy

Today, Europe's energy policy has become a hostage to the unsettled rivalry between the EU and Russia, and the geopolitical competition between the US and Russia, which is also penetrating into the energy sphere of the world's leading actors. At the same time, the binary interpretation of interactions, which have overwhelmingly dominated in the analysis of energy relations in Europe in recent decades, is outdated. The South Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the neighboring Eastern Mediterranean have in recent years turned Turkey into a third key player whose interests are closely connected to Russia. Turkey's energy policy is aimed at increasing its energy independence, which implies the diversification of imports of hydrocarbon resources, turning Turkey into an energy hub in order to strengthen its role in the Mediterranean Region and on the international arena, especially after the beginning of special military operation by Russia in Ukraine in 2022.