Growth, development and productivity of winter garlic samples in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The register of breeding achievements of Russia includes 101 varieties of winter garlic, however, due to the diversity of climatic conditions in Russia, they cannot meet the needs of the population of all regions. Therefore, for successful breeding, it is necessary to study the source material represented by samples of local populations or nearby regions, therefore, the study of winter garlic samples for a set of economically valuable traits of populations of the Omsk, Kemerovo regions and the Altai Territory is relevant for the West Siberian region. The studies were carried out on the territory of the UNPL "Gardening" of the educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk State Agrarian University in 2022-2024. Observations, records and analyzes corresponded to generally accepted methods. Phenological and biometric studies - "Methodology of field experiment in vegetable growing", Litvinov S.S. Moscow, 2011. Statistical data processing was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov. The aim of the study is to observe the growth and development of plants and determine the yield of winter garlic samples in Western Siberia, and identify promising samples for breeding. The objectives of the study include phenological observations and determining the yield of winter garlic samples in the southern forest-steppe conditions of the Omsk region. The objects of the study were samples of local populations of winter garlic from Omsk, Kemerovo regions and Altai Krai: 01-22; 02-22; 03-22; 04-22; 06-22; 07-22; 08-22; 09-22; 11-23; Dobrovolets. Dedov and Tarskiy local. When evaluating the winter garlic samples, it was noted that in terms of winter hardiness, the percentage of those that grew to a height of 15 cm was 95-98% for all samples. Accordingly, all the studied forms can be recommended for the conditions of the Siberian region. The stages of plant development depend primarily on the specific weather conditions of the research year. Garlic regrowth in 2023 was observed on April 23-27, and in 2024 it was 5-9 days earlier - on April 14-22. In 2023, plant bolting begins 5-7 days earlier than in 2024. The vegetation period of 2023 was shorter due to late shoots and amounted to 89-93 days, and in 2024 it was longer - 90-97 days. An important feature that determines further study of a particular form is yield. Samples 09-22, Tarskiy Mestny, 02-22, 06-22 and 08-22 can be distinguished with yields from 11.79 to 15.03 t / ha, which significantly exceed the other studied samples.