Reformation cuttings in birch forests with spruce second tier and undergrowth in the Kostroma region

The results of research on growing coniferous wood after carrying out experimental felling of the birch plantations with the second tier and spruce undergrowth are considered. The most effective and economical felling options are offered, which allow to restore the indigenous coniferous stands on the place of soft-leaved derivatives in a shorter period without carrying out silvicultural work.