Sanctions limits of economic development of the national economy in the context of geopolitical risks

This paper addresses the issues of economic development of the national economy under sanctions by examining the direction, structure, and consequences of economic pressure measures. The author believes that the concept of economic development involves integrating the methodological content of studying the sanctions economy under heightened geopolitical risks with empirical data to analyze the impact of sanctions on the dynamics of macroeconomic variables in order to develop counter-mechanisms to mitigate the impact of sanctions policy and stabilize economic processes. The objective of the study is to identify the complex effects of sanctions by analyzing expert assessments and determining key factors of sustainability and adaptation of economic development in conditions of external isolation. The paper substantiates the position that sanctions are a hybrid instrument of external pressure, not so much a political regulator of international disputes as an economic method of ensuring the interests of global players, aimed at limiting the economic development of countries in the long term. The paper identifies general patterns in the impact of sanctions on the economic development of the national economy and draws conclusions about the ambiguity of the sanctions effects, which have a short-term impact and serve as an incentive to launch adaptation mechanisms to counter restrictive measures. The author’s conclusions serve as the basis for the formation of a counter-sanctions policy of a stabilization nature, aimed at stimulating long-term investment development of economic subsystems of the economy under the pressure of sanctions.