Selection of sesame in Pridnestrovian region

The relevance of carrying out of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) selection is proved in Pridnestrovian region (Tiraspol) in connection of climate warming in article. Tasks of selection work follow from biological features of culture which center of origin is Ethiopia (The African genetic center). The comparative characteristic of soil, climatic conditions of the center of origin, regions of cultivation of sesame in the territory of Russia (the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions) with Transnistria is provided (Tiraspol). Initial material for selection of sorts of sesame suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Transnistria has been received by method of a physical mutagenesis (60Со). Two sorts of sesame have been created using multiple individual selection of the best plants on a complex of valuable signs: Lebedi - with white seeds, Mulatka - with brown. The sesame sort Lebedi is created by physical mutagenesis method with the subsequent selection of the best line. Duration of the vegetative period is 130-140 days. Plants have about 165-175 cm height, branch - 7-8 escapes of the first order. Height of laying of the first branch is about 10-13 cm. Flowers are trimmed and light pink. Length of a productive part of the main escape - 100-115 cm on which there are from 50 to 76 densely located boxes. 250-400 doublecarpel four ovary nest boxes are formed on a plant in total, slightly crack when maturing. Length of a box is about 24-25 mm. The mass of seeds from one plant - 25-55 g, on some plants is formed up to 75 g of seeds. Weight of 1000 of seeds - 2,7-2,9 g. Seeds are white with a cream shade of the extended form. The productivity without irrigation is 20-22 c/hectare. The sesame sort Mulatka belongs to semilate group of ripeness. Duration of the vegetative period is 130-140 days. Sort is received by method of a physical mutagenesis with the subsequent individual selection of the best plant. Plants have about 150-160 cm height, branch - 5-10 escapes of the first order. Height of laying of the first branch is about 10-15 cm cm. Flowers are trimmed and light-violet with small dark-violet dots on an internal surface of four petals and larger - on a lower lip of a flower. Length of a productive part of the main escape - 100-115 cm on which there are from 48 to boxes. 200-250 doublecarpel four ovary nest boxes are formed on a plant in total, dense arranged, slightly crack when maturing because of existence of well developed false partitions.