Skeletal trauma: actual issues of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and rational selection of treatment tactics at present stage (literature review)

The article is dedicated to the research of skeletal traumas’ problems: modern issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical appearance, diagnostics, prog- nostic estimate and basic approaches to the treatment of fractures. Urgency of problems associated with fractures treatment at present stage was pointed as well as their social and economic importance. Basic tendencies were linked with an increase of selected fracture types, changes of numerical ratio between different fractures caused by the variety of traumatic factors. Predicted changes of traumatism structure in short-term perspective were also pointed. Role of intercurrent diseases, gender and age as factors that negatively affect reparative bone healing have been shown. Special attention is paid to the key features of clinical appear- ance and prospective estimate scales of the fractures’ outcomes. Special methods of diagnostics have been indicated in combination with their key advantages. The importance of pharmaceutical correction of the intercurrent diseases is marked alongside with the brief characteristic of drugs that positively affect bone healing. Furthermore, during the analysis of biological, chemical, and physical factors that positively affect fracture healing, complexity of their implementation was also found out. Methods of the surgical treatment of fractures have been evaluated as well.