Screening in early diagnosis of retinoblastomas

Retinoblastoma (RB) is an aggressive intraocular (intraocular) retinal malignant tumor of predominantly childhood age. The survival of patients and their chances of preserving vision directly depend on the early diagnosis of the disease. RB has a neuroectodermal origin and occurs as a result of malignant transformation of embryonic retina cells. Diagnostics does not reveal a unambiguously interpreted tumor mass; instead, diffuse thickening without classical calcification is detected. Clinical symptoms for this type of growth include chemosis (conjunctival edema), pseudohypopion (cell infiltration of the anterior chamber of the eye that simulates pus accumulation in the anterior chamber of the eye, i.e. hypopion) and pseudovitreitis (cell infiltration resembling intermediate uveitis localized in the vitreous, i.e. vitreitis or hyalitis). Instrumental studies help to conduct differential diagnosis and clarify the characteristics of the tumor. As with many other nosologies, the first place due to the ease of use and speed of obtaining information is held by ultrasound (ultrasound). RB has characteristic ultrasonic features. It is represented by a round or irregular intraocular formation with calcium deposits. The blood flow in the tumor tissue is not determined. Ultrasound can be supplemented by fluorescence angiography, which is especially informative for multiple intraocular tumors.