End-to-end technologies in China’s agricultural economy’s economic security system

End-to-end digital technologies (SCTs) are used to collect, store, process, search, transmit and present information electronically. Their work is based on software and hardware and systems that are in demand in all sectors of the economy and spheres of public life. SCTs change business processes and existing markets, as well as lead to the emergence of new ones. In China, modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, cloud computing and blockchain have gradually crossed paths, penetrated and integrated with all aspects of agriculture in various fields, shaping smart agriculture that combines modern science and technology with agricultural cultivation to implement unmanned, automated and intelligent management that secures China's agricultural economic system.