Social problem as a source of effective complexity

A hierarchy of problems determines a trend of development and a set of the ways of their solution determines its nature, that is also true for societies. The authors consider the development, including social one, as effective growth of complexity, which is the response to challenges facing structures (societies). Society is a complex network structure that consists of three levels: material (physical), informational and cognitive one. The latter level has the identification and controlling role, being caused at the same time by the two other levels. All three levels have complex fractal network origin and obey the laws of self-organized criticality. In the article the key role of the cognitive level in the social processes is argued; both the possibility and the necessity of «the inverse development problem» solution is shown that concludes in determining parameters of the cognitive level at the development indexes given in advance.