The social and economic situation of the peasantry of Bashkiria in 1917-1921

The article reviews the state of farming of Bashkir peasants on the eve of the peasant uprisings of 1920-1921, the economics of pre-revolutionary Bashkiria, which was of an agrarian nature. The study provides the statistical data on certain aspects of the social and economic situation of the indigenous population of the region, e.g. the Bashkirs, and the peasants of other nationalities. The paper describes the distribution of land and crop areas among Bashkir, Russian, and Tatar peasant households. Special attention is paid to the activities of food requisition detachments engaged in the seizure of food from the population and the reaction of the peasantry to these actions. The authors note that the main causes of peasant uprisings in Bashkiria in 1918-1921 were the poor social and economic situation of the peasantry in the region, the lack of clear program guidelines for the Bolsheviks to transform life in the countryside, the negligence and irresponsibility of local authorities. The article is based on unpublished and published materials from the funds of the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan.