Varieties and technologies of cultivation of grain sorghum for the arid conditions of forest-steppe of the Average Volga region

The article presents the characteristics of sorghum varieties of grain selection of the Povolzhsky NIISS, able to provide a stable annual grain yield of 2.5 to 5.3 t/ha, quite technological, different directions of use: the Premiere - for feed grain, monocarbon, silage; Slavyanka and Kinelskoe 63 - for feed grain; Ros - for feed grain and food purposes. The optimal time for sowing grain sorghum should be considered the entire third decade of may, when the soil at the depth of seeding steadily warms up to 15-16 0C. In acute arid years with a rapid increase in temperature in the spring sowing is possible before the optimum-in mid-may. It is established that in the conditions of the Samara region, early-ripening low-growing varieties of breeding of the Povolzhsky NIISS in the average years of moisture supply and in the fields clean of weeds, the highest grain yields are formed with a continuous sowing with rows of 15-20 cm and a seeding rate of 800 thousand germinating seeds per 1 hectare. All varieties created at the Institute, early ripening for grain at the end of August - the first decade of September. The sum of the active temperatures from germination to maturation 1800-2000 0C. Suitable for mechanized harvesting by conventional grain harvesters both directly and separately. Varieties sorghum production tested in the SEC “Maraskino” Pervomaisky district of Orenburg region, LLC “Agroindustrial company Komsomolets” Kinelsky area of the Samara region and in FE “KFH Kamanin N. M.” Neftegorsky district of Samara region with economic efficiency from 5.0 to 12.1 thousand rubles per 1 ha.