Improving the model varieties of winter wheat for conditions of the Middle Volga region

The results of the study of bread winter wheat of Samara Research Institute for Agriculture in the 2001-2012 biennium to clarify the optimal parameters of the model variety for the conditions of the Middle Volga. Models are presented semi-intensive type cultivars Bezenchukskaya 380, Svetoch, Bezenchukskaya 790 intensive type variety Biryuza. Cultivar Bezenchukskaya 380 in 2001, formed a grain yield of 5.4 t / ha in the drought conditions in the phase of stem elongation - earing in 2002 - 4.4 t / ha, in a comprehensive drought of 2010 - 1.8 t / ha. Compared with Mironovskaya 808 in Bezenchukskaya 380 increased the number of spikelets per spike from 16 to 18 pieces and grains in the ear by 8.8 pc., to 37.4 pc. Bezenchukskaya 380 - strong wheat. Mass fraction of protein in the grain - 15.6%, wet gluten - 42.7%, falling number - 354 seconds. Variety winter hardy and frost resistant septoria desiase, powdery mildew. Model Class Svetch in favorable environment of the formed grain yield of 5.8 t / ha, medium dry - 4.51 t / ha in the dry - 2.58 t / ha, severely dry - 1.9 t / ha. Progress on productivity achieved by increasing the weight of a grain ear to 1.6 g and the mass of 1000 grains to 41.2 g on average for 10 years, reducing the period before heading for 5-6 days, reduce plant height of 90-100 cm, index of yielding increase to 0.4. Winter hardiness is above average. Cultivar Bezenchukskaya 790 forms the harvest due to the increased density of productive stalks (up to 728 pcs. / m2), with an average productivity of the ear (0,9-11 g) and high winter hardiness. Model Biryuza intensive varieties in favorable conditions formed a grain yield of 7.0 t / ha by increasing the number of grains per ear (mean 41.8 pcs.. maximum 66.0 pcs.). Maximum weight of 1000 grains - ‘48 g. Medium hardiness, average height (70-80 cm) has field resistance to leaf rust, wheat valuable: the falling number - 354 with mass fraction of protein in the grain - 14.4%, wet gluten - 38.9%. Resistant to leaf rust line (type of reaction to infection 1-2, the degree of damage of 5-10%), created with the participation of the sample VIR Abilene, K-62707 (US). Immunity to brown rust showed lines created with the participation of the sample KS 90WGRC-10, K-62377 (US).