Improving grain production technology in crop rotations of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article provides an analysis of the influence of the predecessor set and rotation of field crop rotations on the efficiency of grain production. The most effective crop rotation in terms of economics and bioenergy is a 3-field grain fallow: clean fallow - wheat - wheat. Its productivity in terms of grain yield is slightly inferior to crop rotations, where, in addition to winter rye, there are spring grains and leguminous crops. The role of black fallow as a technique that allows to retain moisture in the soil, accumulate nutrients, clean the soil from weeds, pathogens and pests has been established. We determined that the advantage of the steam predecessor in increasing the productivity and technological properties of the grain of winter rye in different schemes of crop rotations is due to the optimization of the soil fertility elements and the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenosis. Reducing the length of rotation of grain-fallow crop rotations up to three - four fields allows to significantly reduce the weediness of crops and abandon the use of pesticides. The increase in the area of black fallow in the structure of the sown area up to 20% makes it possible to increase its efficiency in clearing the fields from weeds in the first two fields, reducing the use of pesticides by 75%. Three- and four-field grain-fallow crop rotation makes it possible to obtain products without the use of mineral fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, especially used against weeds, thus improving the quality of grain products of the crop rotation. This will undoubtedly allow, in our opinion, to increase the area of arable land, which ensures the production of environmentally friendly high-quality products.