Improving the technology of cultivating winter wheat in the arid climate of the Orel region

Russia is one of the largest grain producing countries in the world. The grain harvest in Russia in 2021 amounted to 120.7 million tons in net weight, including 75.9 million tons of wheat. The gross grain harvest in Russia in 2022 increased by 29.9% compared to the previous year - to 157.676 million tons in weight after refinement, wheat - by 37%, to 104.2 million tons. Wheat is a culture of great strategic importance for Russia. An urgent task is to improve the technology of cultivation modern varieties of winter wheat in the conditions of aridity of the climate of the Orel region. At the same time, it should be born in mind that a prerequisite for obtaining its high yield is timely sowing with prepared high-quality seeds of varieties recommended for our region. Seed treatment with the Vibrans Integral protectant at a dose of 1.0 l/t provides less protection of seedlings and a decrease in seed sowing qualities, compared with a dose of 1.5 and 2.0 l /t of seeds. Etching of the seed material with the Vibrans Integral preparation at a dose of 1.5 l / t of seeds provides an increase in its yield of 2.3- 3.9 c / ha in comparison with untreated seeds. The yield of winter wheat varies depending on the timing of sowing. Sowing of winter wheat of the Alekseich variety (15.09) 10 days later than the deadlines previously set for the Orel region provides an increase in yield of 5.0 - 8.0 c/ha.