Improvement of technology of crops cultivation

The article is devoted to the improvement of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops. Yields of crops depend on the technology of cultivation, soil properties and the complex of agricultural machinery used. Consequently, the loss of crops and an increase in labor costs per unit of output depend on the imperfection of technology and agricultural machines used or their absence. This entails feedback agronomic requirements for tillage and seeding machines, which requires their constructive perfection. To increase the yields of grain crops soil fertility conservation is needed through the application of advanced technologies conservation agriculture designed to improve agrophysical properties of the soil: improve its storage ability, prevent evaporation of mois- ture and weed control. Thus, the technology of conservation agriculture can be represented by the system “soil - technology - machines - yield”. This system provides: rational nutrition of cultivated plants due to the fertilizer; securing the necessary amount of moisture in the soil by improving its agro-physical properties; ensure air and thermal regimes. It has been found that the most promising ways of improving farm machinery are improving the form and parameters of the existing working bodies; development of new designs universal working bodies and creation on their basis of complex machines that meet in full the agrotechnical requirements. Not unim- portant is plant productivity, which largely depends on the sowing method and the geometry of placement of seeds on sown area. Optimal placement of plants on the field area is triangulation, characterized by equidistance plants and row structure with 60° between the rows. By providing these parameters, the seed in abundance are provided with nutrients and have inhibitory effects on each other. Fertilizer at planting is necessary to make low- er level of the main crop seeds, this allows plant roots to develop in the direction of the nutrition source to form a strong branched root system.