The modern state of winter triticale in Russia and the breeding work culture in the Samara Agricultural Research Institute

The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of triticale varieties in the register of the Russian Federation and breeding work on culture in the Samara research Institute. Experimental work was carried out in 2014-2018 on the fields of breeding crop rotation of the Samara research Institute. The object of study were varieties of local selection. Weather conditions in 2015 were characterized by arid conditions, 2014, 2016 and 2017 favorable for the growth and development of culture. In 2018, with good moisture reserves in the spring, reduced temperature and lack of productive rainfall, the yield of triticale was obtained at the level of long-term average values. The state register of the Russian Federation for 2018 included 81 varieties of winter triticale, 70 of them domestic varieties and 11-foreign selection. By appointment, varieties are divided as follows: 29 grain, 27 - grain direction, 14-food, 4-forage, grain. Admission of varieties for use in the territory of the Russian Federation is made in 10 regions. The greatest number of varieties is recommended for use in the North Caucasus (43), Central black earth (30), middle Volga (25) and Central (23) regions. A larger share of domestic varieties approved for use, it is necessary to FEDERAL state budgetary institution “Rostov Federal agricultural research centre” - 25 varieties (30,8%), in second place - the FEDERAL state budgetary institution “national center of grain named after P. P. Lukyanenko” - 14 varieties (17,3%). In Samara NIISKH named after N. M. Tulikov for the period from 1996 to 2018, display 8 varieties. From them 1 grade is included in the register of selection achievements and 3 grades pass the state test. During the years of research (2014-2018) in the competitive test, the yield of varieties varied greatly from 1.80-2.87 t/ha in 2015 to 6.00-7.81 t/ha in 2017. On average, the best varieties-lines exceeded the standard of Crumbs. As a result of competitive testing of triticale over the past 5 years, 12 varieties of lines exceed the grade of Crumbs. Of these varieties 3, which are transferred to the state Test. Compared with the variety Talva 100, which was the standard until recently, our varieties exceed it by 0.23-0.91 t / ha. New varieties are characterized by a larger grain (weight of 1000 grains 46,4-48,2 g) compared with Crumbs (40,2 g) and 100 Talva (42,3 g), a large number of grains (37,6-42,1 PCs.) and, respectively, the weight of grain per ear (1,79-1,93 PCs.), resistance to brown rust. The analysis of the current state of triticale varieties in the register of the Russian Federation shows the prospects, demand for winter triticale for commercial, and forage purposes. In the Samara research Institute, the pace of development of culture selection is also increasing.