Modern biotechnologies in the preservation of the gene pool of rare plant and animal species

In the context of global ecological changes and the accelerated loss of biodiversity, the preservation of the gene pool of rare and endangered plant and animal species has become especially relevant. Modern biotechnologies provide new opportunities for the protection of the gene pool at the cellular, tissue, and molecular levels. This article examines the main directions of biotechnology applications in biodiversity conservation: cryopreservation, clonal micropropagation, genetic engineering, the use of stem cells, and DNA banks. Particular attention is given to the role of international cooperation and the integration of biotechnological methods with traditional conservation practices. It is emphasized that the successful preservation of the gene pool is possible only through a combination of scientific, technical, and organizational-legal measures.